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Are Australian immigrants at a risk of being physically inactive?
Jayantha Dassanayake, Shyamali C Dharmage, Lyle Gurrin, Vijaya Sundararajan, Warren R Payne
International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity , 2011, DOI: 10.1186/1479-5868-8-53
Abstract: Data were drawn from the Australian National Health Survey (2001) and each resident's country of birth was classified into one of 13 regions. Data were gathered on each resident's physical activity level in the fortnight preceding the survey. Multivariable logistic regression, adjusted for potential confounders examined the risk of physical inactivity of participants from each of the 13 regions compared to the Australian-born population.There was a greater prevalence of physical inactivity for female immigrants from most regions compared to male immigrants from a like region. Immigrants from South East Asia (OR 2.04% 95% CI 1.63, 2.56), Other Asia (OR 1.53 95% CI 1.10, 2.13), Other Oceania (1.81 95% CI 1.11, 2.95), the Middle East (OR 1.42 95% CI 0.97, 2.06 [note: border line significance]) and Southern & Eastern Europe are at a significantly higher risk of being physically inactive compared to those born in Australian. In contrast, immigrants from New Zealand (OR 0.77 95% CI 0.62, 0.94), the UK & Ireland (OR 0.82 95% CI 0.73, 0.92), and other Africa (OR 0.69 95% CI 0.51, 0.94) are at a significantly lower risk of being physically inactive compared to the Australian born population.Future research identifying potential barriers and facilitators to participation in physical activity will inform culturally sensitive physical activity programs that aim to encourage members of specific regional ethnic sub-groups to undertake physical activity.Cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality rate has decreased in developed countries [1,2]. However, this decrease varies according to ethnicity, sex and socio economic status [2,3]. Therefore, in countries with a diverse ethnic population, there is a need to understand the risk factors for CVD among specific ethnic communities to better inform interventions aimed at reducing the risk of population-wide CVD. An important component of many ethnic communities is the immigrant population.Physical inactivity is a risk factor for CVD [1,4-6
Immigrant women’s experiences of maternity-care services in Canada: a protocol for systematic review using a narrative synthesis
Gina MA Higginbottom, Myfanwy Morgan, Jayantha Dassanayake, Helgi Eyford, Mirande Alexandre, Yvonne Chiu, Joan Forgeron, Deb Kocay
Systematic Reviews , 2012, DOI: 10.1186/2046-4053-1-27
Abstract: The aim of this study is to use a narrative synthesis, incorporating both a systematic review using narrative synthesis of reports of empirical research (qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-method designs), and a literature review of non-empirically based reports, both of which include ‘grey’ literature. The study aims to provide stakeholders with perspectives on maternity-care services as experienced by immigrant women. To achieve this, we are using integrated knowledge translation, partnering with key stakeholders to ensure topic relevancy and to tailor recommendations for effective translation into future policy and practice/programming. Two search phases and a three-stage selection process are being conducted (database search retrieved 1487 hits excluding duplicates) to provide evidence to contribute jointly to both the narrative synthesis and the non-empirical literature review. The narrative synthesis will be informed by the previous framework published in 2006 by Popay et al., using identified tools for each of its four elements. The non-empirical literature review will build upon the narrative-synthesis findings and/or identify omissions or gaps in the empirical research literature. The integrated knowledge translation plan will ensure that key messages are delivered in an audience-specific manner to optimize their effect on policy and practice change throughout the health service, and the public health, immigration and community sectors.Narrative-synthesis methods of systematic review facilitate understanding and acknowledgement of the broader influences of theoretical and contextual variables, such as race, gender, socioeconomic status, and geographical location. They also enable understanding of the shaping of differences between reported outcomes and study designs related to childbearing populations, and the development and implementation of maternity services and health interventions across diverse settings.Number 2185.
On the periodic continued radicals of 2 and generalization for Vieta product
Jayantha Senadheera
Mathematics , 2013,
Abstract: In this paper we study periodic continued radicals of 2. We show that any periodic continued radicals of 2 converges to 2sin(q\pi), for some rational number q depends on the continued radical. Furthermore we show that if r_n is a periodic nested radicals of 2, which has n nested roots, then the limit points of the sequence 2^n(2sin(q\pi)-r_n) have the form \alpha\pi, where \alpha is an algebraic number. This result give a set of sub sequences converges to \alpha\pi, for each \alpha . Also we show that limit of these sub sequences can be represented as Vieta like nested radical products. Hence this result generalizes the Vieta product for \pi. Several interesting examples are illustrated.
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Unfolded Protein Response Signalling
Dassanayake RS,Perera JKHM
- , 2015, DOI: 10.4172/2161-1009.1000e157
Abstract: Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a central regulator responsible for biosynthesis, folding, quality controlling, maturation and trafficking of proteins ‘ER stress’ is a condition arises when the accumulation capacity of ER for newly synthesized, unfolded proteins is exceeded and activates a highly conserved, intracellular signaling pathway called Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) Multiple signaling pathways like inflammatory and stress signaling systems work in concert with UPR to mitigate ER stress. Prolonged ER may lead to the activation of cell apoptosis pathways. Unresolved ER stress and dysfunctions in UPR have been involved in various metabolic diseases such as obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes Identifying the molecular mechanisms involved, emerges pathways to design new therapeutics for ER-stress related disorders and resolve metabolic homeostasis
Metagenomic Approach in Detection of Pathogenic Viruses
Dassanayake RS,Nipuni TKR
- , 2015, DOI: 10.4172/2161-1009.1000187
Abstract: Viral pathogens are more important microorganisms with respect to both medicinal and environmental aspects as it causes numerous diseases in humans, most of animals and plants. Therefore, wideranging studies on viral pathogens are conducted to identify viral species and to find diagnostic methods for viral diseases. Due to the shortcomings of traditional methods used to detect viral pathogens including cultured cell monolayers, antibody neutralization tests and molecular methods such as PCR; a fast, cheap and emerging technology termed as ‘metagenomic identification’ has been introduced.
ICT Proficiency of Dental Students in Sri Lanka
Jayantha Udaya Weerasinghe,Parakrama Wijekoon
Sri Lanka Journal of Bio-Medical Informatics , 2012, DOI: doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/sljbmi.v2i3.3796
Abstract: The Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya has been conducting formal introductory courses in ICT for undergraduates at their entry level. Although senior students do not get an opportunity for ICT education they will be required to perform tasks such as assignments, reports, referencing using ICT tools.Dental undergraduate students’ proficiency in ICT was tested on randomly selected groups from three senior batches. Total performance of all students tested showed that the MCQ score (53.4, SD 8.0) has exceeded the pass mark and practical test (44.0, SD 7.2) has recorded well below. Individual tests on the Practical components also showed that students were extremely weak in Excel (8.1, SD 2.2) and well below passmark in Word (16.9, SD 2.9) and Powerpoint (19.0, SD 5.3) tasks.This indicates that considering the basic nature of the questions in this ICT proficiency test, students have displayed a low level of skill in the practical component. However the total aggregate for the overall student performance (48.8, SD 5.4) has recorded just below the pass mark of 50%. These results reiterate the need for development of a formal supplementary training course in ICT for students in senior batches in the Faculty of Dental Sciences.
A Multimedia Integrated Learning Framework for Medical Education
Jayantha Udaya Weerasinghe,Nishantha Giguruwa,Yukuo Hayashida
Sri Lanka Journal of Bio-Medical Informatics , 2012, DOI: doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/sljbmi.v2i3.3798
Abstract: In recent years, information and communication technology and multimedia technology have increasingly altered the landscape of the educational field particularly in higher education. In that, student is becoming the key focus of the educational process, where students’ creativity and interactions are strongly encouraged through IT enabled systems. The learning management system (LMS) is the system responsible for integrating all learning services and managing teaching and learning activities. It provides a collection of tools and functions to support teaching and learning processes, usually including course management tools, online group discussion, homework collections and grading; and course evaluation. The amount of multimedia support facilitated by the e-learning systems has given significant consideration in order to make distance education as effective as classroom education and make the blended leaning experience more effective. While the technology is moving toward a multimedia rich learning management system, its practical deployments is still far away, due to many unsolved technical and pedagogical problems. In this paper we present a framework for implementing a content integrated learning management system with specific focus on multimedia enrichment in learning content. It can be used effectively for teaching courses in medicine as well as to support complementary education for clinicians through channels such as telemedicine which can be integrated as an important component of epidemiology. We discuss two implementation examples: (a) UMELMS implementation in Ritsumeikan Asia Pacific University, and (b) telemedicine implementation to support international medical collaboration to present our concept of new generation medical education system design.
Development of a Macroinvertebrate - based Index of Biotic Integrity (M-IBI) for Colombo-Sri Jayawardhanapura Canal System (A new approach to assess stream/ wetland health)
Ruwini Perera,Jayantha Wattavidanage,Nayana Nilakarawasam
Journal of Tropical Forestry and Environment , 2012,
Abstract: Macroinvertebrates have been identified as excellent indicators of stream (wetland) health as they respond rapidly to environmental changers and provide short to medium term pollution history records. Current study was aimed to develop a Macroinvertebrate-based Index of Biotic Integrity (M-IBI) to monitor stream health of Colombo-Sri Jayawardhanapura canal system. Macroinvertebrates were sampled using a D-framed kick net from ten stations during the period of Nov 2008 to June 2009. Habitat characteristics and some water quality parameters also recorded. For the index development, those ten stations were grouped into two as ’Reference’ and ‘Degraded’ based on their habitat characteristics and some water quality parameters. Then 41vcandidate metrics were nominated for statistical analysis process. After considering their sensitivity to stream impairment, ability of showing exceptionally strong discrimination between reference and degraded sites and less redundancy, ten candidate metrics were selected for M-IBI development. Validity of the index was tested with a new independent data set. Scores acquired for these data set were positively correlated with DO values (r = 0.578). That concluded the potential of using M-IBI developed for biological monitoring and improving biotic integrity of streams and wetlands.
Rashbons: Properties and their significance
Jayantha P. Vyasanakere,Vijay B. Shenoy
Physics , 2011, DOI: 10.1088/1367-2630/14/4/043041
Abstract: In presence of a synthetic non-Abelian gauge field that induces a Rashba like spin-orbit interaction, a collection of weakly interacting fermions undergoes a crossover from a BCS ground state to a BEC ground state when the strength of the gauge field is increased [Phys. Rev. B {\bf 84}, 014512 (2011)]. The BEC that is obtained at large gauge coupling strengths is a condensate of tightly bound bosonic fermion-pairs whose properties are solely determined by the Rashba gauge field -- hence called rashbons. In this paper, we conduct a systematic study of the properties of rashbons and their dispersion. This study reveals a new qualitative aspect of the problem of interacting fermions in non-Abelian gauge fields, i.e., that the rashbon state induced by the gauge field for small centre of mass momenta of the fermions ceases to exist when this momentum exceeds a critical value which is of the order of the gauge coupling strength. The study allows us to estimate the transition temperature of the rashbon BEC, and suggests a route to enhance the exponentially small transition temperature of the system with a fixed weak attraction to the order of the Fermi temperature by tuning the strength of the non-Abelian gauge field. The nature of the rashbon dispersion, and in particular the absence of the rashbon states at large momenta, suggests a regime of parameter space where the normal state of the system will be a dynamical mixture of uncondensed rashbons and unpaired helical fermions. Such a state should show many novel features including pseudogap physics.
Numerical modelling of sandstone uniaxial compression test using a mix-mode cohesive fracture model
Yilin Gui,Ha H. Bui,Jayantha Kodikara
Physics , 2015,
Abstract: A mix-mode cohesive fracture model considering tension, compression and shear material behaviour is presented, which has wide applications to geotechnical problems. The model considers both elastic and inelastic displacements. Inelastic displacement comprises fracture and plastic displacements. The norm of inelastic displacement is used to control the fracture behaviour. Meantime, a failure function describing the fracture strength is proposed. Using the internal programming FISH, the cohesive fracture model is programmed into a hybrid distinct element algorithm as encoded in Universal Distinct Element Code (UDEC). The model is verified through uniaxial tension and direct shear tests. The developed model is then applied to model the behaviour of a uniaxial compression test on Gosford sandstone. The modelling results indicate that the proposed cohesive fracture model is capable of simulating combined failure behaviour applicable to rock.
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